| Abstract: |
New Carnivore remains associated with <i>Gigantopithecus blacki</i> are described from Yanliang Cave, Chongzuo, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China. New specimens of <i>Megantereon</i> have been identified as<i> Megantereon microta</i> sp. nov. based on the previously unknown characteristics, such as small overall size, p4 and m1 dental proportions, p3 with two separated roots and large P4 protocone. <i>M. microta </i>sp. nov. differs from <i>Megantereon whitei</i> from Africa mainly by the characters of p3 and lacking a p3p4 diastema. Compared with other <i>Megantereon</i> species from China, <i>M. microta</i> sp. nov. is considered to be more primitive in dental characters, such as large P4 protocone, p3 with two separated roots, and short canine-p3 diastema. The <i>Pachycrocuta licenti</i> and <i>Ursus thibetanus</i> from Yanliang Cave are consistent with their appearance during the early Early Pleistocene in southern China. Combining the biostratigraphical and biochronological evidence, the Yanliang fauna can be best correlated with Baikong fauna in the same area, which is the early Early Pleistocene (∼2.0 Ma).
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