Ref ID:	28623
Ref Type:	Journal Article
Authors:	Asano, Kenji Yamasaki, Masanori Takuno, Shohei Miura, Kotaro Katagiri, Satoshi Ito, Tomoko Doi, Kazuyuki Wu, Jianzhong Ebana, Kaworu Matsumoto, Takashi Innan, Hideki Kitano, Hidemi Ashikari, Motoyuki Matsuoka, Makoto
Title:	Artificial selection for a green revolution gene during <i>japonica</i> rice domestication
Date:	2011
Source:	PNAS
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1019490108
Abstract:	The semidwarf phenotype has been extensively selected during modern crop breeding as an agronomically important trait. Introduction of the semidwarf gene, semi-dwarf1 (sd1), which encodes a gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme, made significant contributions to the “green revolution” in rice (<i>Oryza sativa L.</i>). Here we report that SD1 was involved not only in modern breeding including the green revolution, but also in early steps of rice domestication. We identified two SNPs in <i>O. sativa</i> subspecies (ssp.) <i>japonica</i> SD1 as functional nucleotide polymorphisms (FNPs) responsible for shorter culm length and low gibberellin biosynthetic activity. Genetic diversity analysis among <i>O. sativa</i> ssp. <i>japonica</i> and <i>indica</i>, along with their wild ancestor <i>O. rufipogon</i> Griff, revealed that these FNPs clearly differentiate the <i>japonica</i> landrace and <i>O. rufipogon</i>. We also found a dramatic reduction in nucleotide diversity around SD1 only in the <i>japonica</i> landrace, not in the <i>indica</i> landrace or <i>O. rufipogon</i>. These findings indicate that SD1 has been subjected to artificial selection in rice evolution and that the FNPs participated in <i>japonica</i> domestication, suggesting that ancient humans already used the green revolution gene.
Date Created:	10/5/2011
Volume:	108
Number:	27
Page Start:	11034
Page End:	11039