| Abstract: |
The eastern part of Java, which extends from Gunung Sewu to the eastern tip of the island, is a very significant region for the study of prehistoric cave occupation. Current research has unearthed remains dating to the Late Pleistocene, beginning c. 45,000 BP. Human activity continued into the Holocene, with cultural developments exclusive to East Java. This paper discusses Early Holocene human settlements in this region, representing a cultural stage called the Keplek Phase. During this period, a number of typical cultural characteristics have been identified, including intensive exploitation of caves and rock shelters for habitation, workshop and burial activities
an abundant lithic flake industry
an abundant lithic flake industry
and a bone, antler, and shell tool technology. There is also evidence for subsistence and burial practices. These cultural characteristics have been discovered in caves in seven limestone formations, located in the Gunung Sewu, Sampung (Ponorogo), Tulung Agung, Dander (Bojonegoro), Tuban, Puger (Jember) and Situbondo regions.
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